Over the past year, egg prices in the United States have significantly increased. In January 2024, the average retail price for a dozen Grade A large eggs was $2.52. By January 2025, this price had nearly doubled to $4.95 per dozen.
This represents an approximate 96% increase in egg prices over the 12 months. The surge is primarily attributed to a severe avian influenza (bird flu) outbreak, which has led to the culling of millions of egg-laying hens, thereby reducing supply. Additionally, rising costs for feed, fuel, and labor have further contributed to the escalating prices.
Key Factors Contributing to Rising Egg Prices:
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Outbreak:
A severe outbreak of avian influenza has led to the culling of millions of egg-laying hens to prevent the spread of the virus, significantly reducing the egg supply.
Increased Production Costs:
Higher costs for feed, fuel, and labor have contributed to the rising prices of eggs.
Market Dynamics:
Some major egg producers have been accused of deliberately limiting supply to inflate prices and increase profits.
Impact on Consumers and Businesses:
Retailers and Restaurants:
Some retailers have implemented purchase limits on eggs to manage shortages, and restaurants have added surcharges to egg-based dishes to cope with increased costs.
Consumer Behavior:
Consumers are experiencing higher prices and occasional shortages, leading to adjustments in purchasing habits. Outlook:
Experts predict that egg prices may continue to rise. The USDA forecasts a potential increase of up to 20.3% in 2025.
In 2025, the United States has experienced a significant surge in egg prices, primarily due to the ongoing outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), commonly known as bird flu. This outbreak has led to substantial losses in poultry populations, severely impacting egg production and supply.
Impact on Egg Prices:
National Average: As of December 2024, the average price for a dozen eggs reached $4.15, marking a 65% increase from the previous year.
Regional Variations: In certain areas, prices have escalated even further. For instance, in California, the average price for a dozen eggs has approached $9, reflecting a 70% increase from the prior year.
Contributing Factors:
Avian Influenza Outbreak: The HPAI outbreak has been devastating, with over 130 million birds affected across all 50 states since its onset in 2022. This has led to a significant reduction in egg-laying hens, thereby decreasing egg production.
Supply Chain Disruptions: The loss of millions of egg-laying chickens has strained the supply chain, leading to shortages and, consequently, higher prices.
Increased Demand: Seasonal factors, such as the holiday baking season, have heightened demand for eggs, further exacerbating the supply-demand imbalance.
