FLOSSI HEADS NORTH
The Magnetic North pole of Earth has been moving for centuries. Its movement is caused by the complex motion of molten iron and nickel within the Earth's outer core, which generates the magnetic field.
How Fast Is Magnetic North Moving?
Historically, magnetic north has drifted slowly, at about 10–15 km (6–9 miles) per year.
However, its movement has accelerated significantly since the 1990s, shifting at a rate of approximately 50–60 km (30–37 miles) per year.
As of recent measurements, magnetic north is moving from Canada toward Russia, specifically toward Siberia.
Why Is Magnetic North Moving?
The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the movement of molten metals in the outer core (a process called the geodynamo).
Changes in this flow alter the distribution of magnetic forces, causing the north magnetic pole to shift unpredictably.
Scientists believe the current acceleration is due to a high-speed jet of liquid iron beneath Canada, which has weakened part of the field, allowing the pole to drift toward Russia.
Impact of Magnetic North’s Movement
Navigation Systems:
Magnetic compasses rely on magnetic north, so rapid shifts can affect air, sea, and land navigation.
The World Magnetic Model (WMM), used for GPS and navigation systems, must be updated more frequently.
Airports periodically rename runways based on shifting magnetic headings.
Aviation and Military Operations:
Pilots, especially those flying in polar regions, must adjust their navigation based on the changing pole position.
The U.S. and other militaries track these changes to maintain accurate missile and satellite navigation.
Potential Link to a Pole Reversal?
Scientists have speculated whether the Earth is heading toward a magnetic pole reversal (where north and south magnetic poles swap places).
Magnetic reversals have occurred several times in Earth's history, but they take thousands of years to complete.
There is no immediate evidence that a full reversal is happening soon.
