Fluoride has been added to public drinking water supplies in the U.S. since 1945 to prevent tooth decay, a practice supported by many health organizations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that fluoridated water decreases cavities by about 25% in both children and adults.
The American Dental Association (ADA) also supports water fluoridation, citing its safety and effectiveness in preventing tooth decay.
However, recent discussions have raised concerns about potential health risks associated with fluoride. Some studies suggest that excessive fluoride exposure may lead to dental fluorosis (a cosmetic discoloration of teeth) and, at very high levels, skeletal fluorosis (affecting bones). Additionally, research has indicated a possible link between high fluoride exposure and lower IQ scores in children, though these findings are primarily associated with fluoride levels higher than those recommended in U.S. water supplies.
In April 2025, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. directed the CDC to stop recommending water fluoridation, citing these potential health concerns.
This move has sparked debate among public health officials and organizations. The ADA reaffirmed its support for water fluoridation, emphasizing its role in preventing dental disease and promoting overall health.
