Click Bee

Melittin: This is the most abundant component, making up about 50% of the venom's dry weight. Melittin is a powerful peptide that causes cell lysis (breaking down of cell membranes), which leads to pain and inflammation.

Apamin: This neurotoxin contributes to the venom's potency by affecting the central nervous system. It blocks certain types of calcium-activated potassium channels, which can cause convulsions and other neurological effects.

Phospholipase A2: This enzyme makes up about 10-12% of the venom and enhances the effect of melittin. It breaks down cell membranes by hydrolyzing phospholipids, contributing to the spread of inflammation.

Hyaluronidase: Often referred to as the "spreading factor," hyaluronidase facilitates the penetration of venom into tissues by breaking down hyaluronic acid, a major component of the extracellular matrix.

Histamine: This compound is involved in allergic reactions and contributes to the itchiness, redness, and swelling experienced after a sting.

Dopamine and Noradrenaline: These neurotransmitters increase pain sensitivity and cause local blood vessels to constrict, which can intensify the pain and swelling.

Mast cell degranulating peptide (MCDP): This peptide causes mast cells to release histamine, enhancing the inflammatory response and leading to more intense pain and swelling.